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Why Fake News Is Here To Stay and How To Spot It

Back in the days when journalism was rewarded and people read newspapers for unbiased papers they had this thing called editorials. Editorials are opinions. Most publications do not seem to tell readers anymore when it’s actual news or an opinion. The problem got worse after Fox News debuted because it was basically an opinion or editorial network. They would tell what they considered the “news” but in their biased way of doing so. The problem got worse in the last election when the internet has been flooded with many propaganda, misleading, and extremist sites that were not based on references or fact. Sites and blogs that had no respect for real journalism.

A large amount of mis- and disinformation has circulated on social media in multiple languages over the past few days regarding #Ukraine. Trustworthy information is as important as ever in times of crisis, so here are our top tips and tools 👇

Be wary of the difference between MISinformation and DISinformation. While they can seem interchangeable, the difference lies in the intent. Precise language is important e.g. propaganda can fall under the umbrella of disinformation

A Professor of communication and media put together a resource that started as a tool for teaching her students about journalism, social media, and media literacy. This is a great source for putting together which sites to check on before clicking or reading an article that you may see almost hourly in your newsfeed. Some of the highly popular sites listed on here are RT.com, Breitbart, and USUncut. Breitbart was one of the highest ranked sites in the trending section of Facebook during the election which posted what were in disguise as journalism but were really conspiracy or misleading claims.

Here is a short summary of some of the most popular Facebook linked sites that are what we call Fake News:
1. abcnewsgo.co Absolutely fake. The .co should alert people it is not real. We normally only trust .com sites as our #1 Rule for U.S. News.
2. anonhq.com unreliable – Anonymous posted many unreliable sourced stories during the election.
3. wikileaks.org – rumors.
4. realtimepolitics.com – bias, unreliable.
5. redflagnews.com – bias, conspiracy.
6. redstate.com – political, clickbait.
7. redstatewatcher.com – bias, clickbait.
8. usuncut.com – clickbait, bias. One of the top Bernie bro and Green Party cited sites but not real journalism. They were also sold.
9. bipartisanreport.com – clickbait, bias
10. rt.com – state-ran. Russia runs this propaganda channel.
11. infowars.com – conspiracy site.

They also listed a few sites that were factual such as Advocate.com. Which was listed as political but credible. One site that the document failed to mention was thereligionofpeace.com which should be listed as a hate site. You can see the full list below.

Russia Plays A Big Role In Spreading Fake “News”
Facebook reports that it found about $100,000 in ad spending from a likely Russian influence operation designed to amplify divisive political messages. That covers thousands of ads to over 470 inauthentic accounts and pages that violated company policy. The ads and accounts appeared to focus on amplifying divisive social and political messages across the ideological spectrum — touching on topics from LGBT matters to race issues to immigration to gun rights. Facebook representatives told congressional investigators that it found it had sold ads to a shadowy Russian company looking to target voters — a “troll farm” with a history of pro-Kremlin propaganda, The Washington Post reports. Some ads directly named Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.

Russian Propaganda and paid internet trolls will only get worse to try and change elections across Germany, France, the United States and other countries they wish to influence. If you think the fake news problem is bad in the U.S. well it is far worse in Russia. They helped rig the U.S. election and will also work to rig other countries elections. If you google “Hillary Clinton” for results only from Russian webpages and then translate the pages all of them basically have headlines that read “Hillary plans to kill all Russian children, Obama supports her decision” and “Hillary plans to nuke Russia until extinct” “Obama threatens to murder all Russian families” and these same websites say things like “Donald trump Provides medication for 5 million children worldwide”. It almost seems they took facts about Trump and put Hillary and Obama’s names on them.

Because of internet censorship in Russia, monitoring, and extreme repercussions for finding ways around their federal blacklist, it would be nearly impossible for the average citizen of Russia to know that what they report about Hillary is actually true for President Trump and vice versa. It’s interesting that the United States media organizations have not figured this out yet.

Visuals purportedly from #Ukraine are already circulating online an hour after Putin’s announcement, but not all of them are relevant so please try to verify before you share.
This one, viewed nearly 200,000 times on Twitter alone, shows an air show in 2020

Bernie Sanders, Pro-Trump, & Jill Stein Facebook Groups Are A Prime Fake News Machine
The Huff Post did a great piece on how the “Bernie Sanders’ Campaign Faced A Fake News Tsunami” and how it all came from the Russian trolls set out to distract and divide the invigorated left. 40 percent of the domain registrations for the fake news sites that were popping up on pro-Sanders pages were pinged back to Eastern Europe. Bernie supporters across the country had been noticing dubious websites and posters linked back to Eastern Europe on groups including Latinos for Bernie Sanders, Oregon for Bernie Sanders 2016 and Pennsylvania Progressives for Bernie Sanders.

These groups have hundreds of thousands of members where a fake news story would be posted with a headline of “This is a story you won’t see on Fox/CNN or the other Mainstream media!” with a link to a post claiming false information such as that Clinton had “made a small fortune by arming ISIS.” The Bernie Sanders Lovers page saw heavy engagement, and nearly every article it shared was from Bients.com and more currently you see they are sharing stories from ThePredicted.com. Both sites were registered by a person name Hysen Alimi in Albania. When you click on these sites Chrome will warn you your connection is “not secure.”

Tips for analyzing news sources:

  • Avoid websites that end in “lo” ex: Newslo. These sites take pieces of accurate information and then packaging that information with other false or misleading “facts” (sometimes for the purposes of satire or comedy).
  • Watch out for websites that end in “.com.co” as they are often fake versions of real news sources  
  • Watch out if known/reputable news sites are not also reporting on the story. Sometimes lack of coverage is the result of corporate media bias and other factors, but there should typically be more than one source reporting on a topic or event.
  • Odd domain names generally equal odd and rarely truthful news.
  • Lack of author attribution may, but not always, signify that the news story is suspect and requires verification.
  • Some news organizations are also letting bloggers post under the banner of particular news brands; however, many of these posts do not go through the same editing process (ex: BuzzFeed Community Posts, Kinja blogs, Forbes blogs).
  • Check the “About Us” tab on websites or look up the website on Snopes or Wikipedia for more information about the source.
  • Bad web design and use of ALL CAPS can also be a sign that the source you’re looking at should be verified and/or read in conjunction with other sources.
  • If the story makes you REALLY ANGRY it’s probably a good idea to keep reading about the topic via other sources to make sure the story you read wasn’t purposefully trying to make you angry (with potentially misleading or false information) in order to generate shares and ad revenue. 
  • If the website you’re reading encourages you to DOX individuals, it’s unlikely to be a legitimate source of news.
  • It’s always best to read multiple sources of information to get a variety of viewpoints and media frames. Sources such as The Daily Kos, The Huffington Post, and Fox News vacillate between providing important, legitimate, problematic, and/or hyperbolic news coverage, requiring readers and viewers to verify and contextualize information with other sources.
  • For more tips on analyzing the credibility and reliability of sources, please check out School Library Journal (they also provide an extensive list of media literacy resources) and the Digital Resource Center.
Visual misinformation gains a lot of attention. We’ve seen time and time again old photos and videos recirculated during times of crisis, which can cause more chaos and confusion. Preventing this can be as easy as running a reverse image search. You can run reverse image searches on a few different search engines. We recommend using the browser extension RevEye, which puts all these searches just one click away

OpenSources Steps for Analyzing Websites:

Step 1:  Title/Domain Analysis. If words like “.wordpress” or “blogger” are in the domain that usually signifies it’s a personal blog rather than a news source. If slight variations of well known websites appear, such as “.com.co,” this is usually a sign that the website is fake version of a source. However, remember that foreign reputable news organizations may have these country-specific domains.

Step 2: About Us Analysis. I usually google every title/domain name/anyone listed in the “About Us” section to see if anyone has previously reported on the website (snopes, hoax-slayer, politifact, factcheck.org, etc.) or whether it has a wikipedia page or something similar detailing its background. This is useful for identifying and correctly interpreting lesser known and/or new websites that may be on the up-and-up, such as satirical sources or websites that are explicit about their political orientation.

Then I look for information about the credentials and backgrounds of affiliated writers (is it a content mill or do they pay their writers?), editors, publishers, and domain owners (who.is etc.). It’s also useful to see if the website has a “Legal” or “Disclaimer” section. Many satirical websites disclose this information in those sections.

A total lack of About Us, Contact US, or any other type of identifying information may mean that the website is not a legitimate source of information.

Step 3: Source Analysis. Does the website mention/link to a study or source? Look up the source/study. Do you think it’s being accurately reflected and reported? Are officials being cited? Can you confirm their quotes elsewhere? Some media literacy and critical scholars call this triangulation: Verify details, facts, quotes, etc. with multiple sources.

Step 4: Writing Style Analysis. Does the website follow AP Style Guide or another style guide? Typically, lack of style guide may indicate an overall lack of editing or fact-checking process. Does it frequently use ALL CAPS in headlines and/or body text? Does the headline or body of the text use words like WOW!, SLAUGHTER!, DESTROY!? This stylistic practice and these types of hyperbolic word choices are often used to create emotional responses with readers that is avoided in more traditional styles of journalism.

Step 5:  Aesthetic Analysis. Like the style-guide, many fake and questionable news sites utilize very bad design. Usually this means screens are cluttered with text and heavy-handed photoshopping or born digital images.

Step 6: Social Media Analysis.  Look up the website on Facebook. Do the headlines and posts rely on sensational or provocative language– aka clickbait– in order to attract attention and encourage likes, clickthroughs, and shares? Do the headlines and social media descriptions match or accurately reflect the content of the linked article? (this step isn’t particularly good at helping us find fake news, but it can help us identify other misleading news sources)

By considering all of these areas of information we can determine which category or categories a website may occupy, although all categorizations are by necessity open to discussion and revision.

Website Labels for OpenSources.co:

Fake News (tag fake): Sources that entirely fabricate information, disseminate deceptive content, or grossly distort actual news reports.  

Satire (tag satire): Sources that use humor, irony, exaggeration, ridicule, and false information to comment on current events.  

Extreme Bias (tag bias): Sources that come from a particular point of view and may rely on propaganda, decontextualized information, and opinions distorted as facts.

Conspiracy Theory (tag conspiracy): Sources that are well-known promoters of kooky conspiracy theories.

Rumor Mill (tag rumor): Sources that traffic in rumors, gossip, innuendo, and unverified claims.

State News (tag state): Sources in repressive states operating under government sanction.

Junk Science (tag junksci): Sources that promote pseudoscience, metaphysics, naturalistic fallacies, and other scientifically dubious claims.

Hate News (tag hate): Sources that actively promote racism, misogyny, homophobia, and other forms of discrimination.

Clickbait (tag clickbait): Sources that provide generally credible content, but use exaggerated, misleading, or questionable headlines, social media descriptions, and/or images.  

Proceed With Caution (tag unreliable): Sources that may be reliable but whose contents require further verification.

*Political (tag political): Sources that provide generally verifiable information in support of certain points of view or political orientations.  

*Credible (tag reliable): Sources that circulate news and information in a manner consistent with traditional and ethical practices in journalism (Remember: even credible sources sometimes rely on clickbait-style headlines or occasionally make mistakes. No news organization is perfect, which is why a healthy news diet consists of multiple sources of information).

Unknown (tag unidentified): Sources that have not yet been analyzed. Help us expand our resource by providing us information!

Note: Tags like political and credible are being used for two reasons: 1.) they were suggested by viewers of the document or OpenSources and circulate news 2.) the credibility of information and of organizations exists on a continuum, which this project aims to demonstrate. For now, mainstream news organizations are not included because they are well known to a vast majority of readers.

Working Website List for Opensources.co:

The below list of websites is a combination of my original list in this google document, numerous other lists on the internet, and suggestions from readers/internet users. All tagged websites have been analyzed by myself or one of the librarians I’m working with on OpenSources. All websites tagged as “unknown”  still need to be analyzed, and some of them may be removed entirely from the resource for various reasons (i.e. it doesn’t circulate “news” or the website no longer exists). Finally, please remember that all tags may be subject to revision based on feedback, discussion, continued analysis, or website changes etc.      

urltagtag 2Tag 3
100percentfedup.combias  
21stcenturywire.comconspiracy  
24newsflash.comfake  
365usanews.combiasconspiracy 
4threvolutionarywar.wordpress.combiasconspiracy 
70news.wordpress.comfake  
82.221.129.208conspiracyfake 
aanirfan.blogspot.co.ukunreliable  
abcnews.com.cofake  
abcnewsgo.cofake  
abeldanger.netconspiracy  
abovetopsecret.comconspiracyrumor 
abriluno.comsatirefake 
aceflashman.wordpress.comsatire  
Acting-Man.comunreliableconspiracy 
activistpost.comconspiracy  
addictinginfo.orgclickbaitunreliable 
adobochronicles.comfake  
advocate.compoliticalcredible 
aheadoftheherd.comunknown  
ahtribune.comunreliablebias 
allnewspipeline.comunreliableconspiracy 
Alt-Market.comunknown  
alternet.orgpoliticalcredible 
americanblog.comunknown  
americanfreepress.netconspiracybias 
AmericanKabuki.blogspot.comjunksci  
americanlookout.combiasclickbait 
americannews.comfake  
americanoverlook.comfake  
americanpatriotdaily.combiasclickbaitbias
americanprogress.orgunknown  
americanreviewer.comconspiracy  
americantoday.newsrumorbias 
americasfreedomfighters.combiasclickbait 
AmmoLand.combias  
amplifyingglass.comclickbaitsatire 
amren.comhateconspiracy 
amtvmedia.comrumorunreliable 
amusmentic.comclickbaitrumor 
ancient-code.comjunksciunreliable 
angrypatriotmovement.comconspiracy  
anonews.counreliable bias 
anonhq.comunreliable bias 
anonnews.counreliable bias 
anotherdayintheempire.combiasconspiracy 
antiwar.combiasunreliable 
antoniusaquinas.wp.combiasconspiracy 
ArmstrongEconomics.comunknown  
asia-pacificresearch.comunreliablesatire 
assassinationscience.comconspiracyjunksci 
associatedmediacoverage.comsatire  
attn.compoliticalclickbait 
AutomaticEarth.comunreliable  
automotostar.comclickbait  
awarenessact.comconspiracyjunksci 
awazetribune.comunknown  
awdnews.comconspiracy  
awm.comunreliablebiasclickbait
BadSquad.comunknown  
baptistnews.comfake bias 
barenakedislam.comhate  
Barnhardt.bizunknown  
BB4SP.comconspiracybiasbias
beehivebugle.comsatire  
beforeitsnews.comfakeconspiracyrumor
betootaadvocate.comsatire  
bients.com (seen in Pro-Bernie Sanders Groups)fake/clickbait  
bigamericannews.comsatirefake 
bigbluedimension.comrumorbias 
bigbluevision.comhate  
bigbluevision.orgclickbaitbias 
bighairynews.comfakeconspiracy 
bignuggetnews.combiasrumor 
bigpzone.com   
bipartisanreport.comclickbaitbias 
blackagendareport.comunreliable  
blackgenocide.orgunknown  
blacklistednews.comclickbaitunreliable 
blog.uncommonwisdomdaily.comunknown  
bluenationreview.comclickbaitunreliable 
Boilingfrogspost.comunreliable  
borowitzreport.comsatire  
bostonleader.comfake  
breaking911.comclickbaitunreliable 
breakpoint.orgunknown  
breitbart.compoliticalunreliablebias
BrotherJohnF.combiasconspiracy 
BullionBullsCanada.comconspiracy  
burrardstreetjournal.comsatire  
buzzfeedusa.comfakerumor 
bvanews.comunreliablebiasfake
callthecops.netsatire  
canadafreepress.comconspiracybias 
cap-news.comfake  
CaseyResearch.comunknown  
cbsnews.com.cofake  
celebtricity.comsatire  
centerforsecuritypolicy.orgunknown  
channel-7-news.com/fake  
charismanews.comunknown  
chaser.com.ausatire  
checkoutthehealthyworld.comjunksciclickbait 
chicksontheright.comclickbaitbias 
christianfightback.comhatebias 
christianpost.comfakebias 
christiantimesnewspaper.comrumorbias 
christwire.orgsatire  
chronicle.susatire  
chroniclesmagazine.orgunknown  
citizensunited.orgunknown  
city-journal.orgunknown  
cityworldnews.comfake  
civictribune.comfake  
clashdaily.comfakeconspiracybias
clickhole.comsatire  
cnnnext.comunreliable  
CNSNews.comunreliablebias 
coasttocoastam.comunreliable  
Coinflation.comunknown  
collective-evolution.comjunksci  
collectivelyconscious.netjunksciconspiracy 
ComingDepression.comunknown  
commentarymagazine.comunknown  
commondreams.orgpoliticalclickbait 
concisepolitics.comconspiracyhate 
consciouslifenews.comjunksci  
conservapedia.comunknown  
conservativebyte.comfakebias 
conservativedailypost.comfakeunreliable 
conservativefiringline.combiasconspiracyclickbait
conservativefrontline.comunknown  
conservativehq.comunknown  
conservativeinfidel.comfakeconspiracy 
conservativeoutfitters.comunreliableclickbait 
conservativepapers.comunknown  
conservativerefocus.comconspiracy  
conservativereview.comunknown  
conservativespirit.combias  
conservativestate.combias  
conservativetribune.combiasconspiracyunreliable
consortiumnews.comcredible  
conspiracyplanet.comunknown  
conspiracywire.comconspiracy  
corbettreport.comconspiracy  
corbettreport.comconspiracybias 
countdowntozerotime.comconspiracy  
countercurrents.orgpoliticalunreliable 
counterinformation.wordpress.compolitical  
counterpsyops.comconspiracy  
counterpunch.compolitical  
counterpunch.orgpolitical  
cowgernation.combiasconspiracy 
creambmp.comsatirefake 
cryptogon.comunknown  
crystalair.comsatire  
dailybuzzlive.comfake  
dailycurrant.comsatire  
dailydiscord.comsatire  
dailyheadlines.comfake  
dailyheadlines.netfake  
dailykos.compoliticalclickbaitcredible
dailyleak.orgparodyfake 
dailynewsbin.combiasclickbait 
dailynewspolitic.comunknown  
dailyoccupation.comconspiracybias 
dailypolitics.infounknown  
dailypoliticsusa.combias  
dailysignal.combias  
dailysquib.co.uksatire  
dailystormer.comhateconspiracybias
dailytelegraph.com.auunknown  
dailywire.combias  
dandygoat.comsatire  
darkmoon.mehatebias 
darkpolitricks.combiasconspiracy 
dataasylum.comunknown  
DaveJanda.comunreliable  
davidduke.comhate  
davidstockmanscontracorner.compolitical  
davidwolfe.comconspiracy  
dcclothesline.comconspiracyjunkscience 
dcgazette.comfake  
dcleaks.comunreliable  
DeadLineLive.infounknown  
DeadlyClear.wordpress.comunknown  
debunkingskeptics.comunknown  
defenddemocracy.pressbiaspolitical 
delectabledietofpics.netunknown  
dennismichaellynch.compolitical  
denverguardian.comfake  
departed.cofake  
der-postillon.comsatire  
derfmagazine.comsatire  
DeviantInvestor.comunknown  
dineal.comjunksci  
disclose.tvsatireconspiracy 
disclosuremedia.netconspiracy  
discoverthenetworks.orgunknown  
discovery.orgunknown  
dissentmagazine.orgpolitical  
diversitychronicle.wordpress.comsatire  
doctorhousingbubble.comunknown  
DollarVigilante.combias  
donaldtrumpnews.cofake  
Dont-Tread-On.Meconspiracy  
downtrend.comfakesatire 
DProgram.netunknown  
drudgereport.combiasbias 
drudgereport.com.cofake  
duffleblog.comsatire  
duhprogressive.comsatire  
Dutchsinse.comconspiracy  
EagleRising.combiasclickbait 
EbolaHoax.comconspiracy  
economicnoise.comunknown  
ecowatch.comunknown  
EdgeTraderPlus.comunknown  
educate-yourself.orgconspiracyjunksci 
educateinspirechange.org/healthclickbaitjunksci 
electionnightgatekeepers.comconspiracyunreliable 
elelephantintheroom.blogspot.combias  
elitereaders.comclickbait  
elkoshary.comsatire  
elmundotoday.comsatire  
embols.comfake  
empireherald.comfakesatire 
empirenews.netfakesatire 
empiresports.cosatire  
Emptywheel.netpolitical  
enabon.comfake  
endingthefed.combias  
endoftheamericandream.comunknown  
endtime.comunknown  
enduringvision.comfake  
english.ruvr.ruunknown  
EUTimes.nethateconspiracy 
eutopia.buzzfakesatireconspiracy
everydayworldnews.comunknown  
everythingnewdaily.comunknown  
ewao.comjunksci  
ExperimentalVaccines.orgunknown  
ExplosiveReports.Comunknown  
Expose1933.comconspiracyhate 
express.co.ukunknown  
extraclubmagazine.combiasclickbaitfake
eyeopening.infoconspiracyjunksci 
fairus.orgunknown  
fakingnews.comfakesatire 
familysecuritymatters.orgconspiracybias 
fantasticword.comunknown  
FarmWars.infounknown  
federalistpress.combias  
fellowshipoftheminds.comconspiracyjunksci 
filmsforaction.orgpolitical  
FinancialSense.comunknown  
FinancialSurvivalNetwork.comunreliablebias 
firearmscoalition.orgunknown  
floridasunpost.comfakesatirical 
flyheight.comunknown  
fmobserver.comsatire  
fognews.rusatire  
foodbabe.comjunksci  
foreignpolicyjournal.compolitical  
Forbes Breaking News (Youtube channel)political conservative biasbias
fort-russ.comunknown  
fourwinds10.netconspiracyjunksci 
fprnradio.comconspiracyfake 
freakoutnation.combias  
FreeBeacon.combias  
freedomdaily.comfake  
FreedomForceInternational.comconspiracy  
freedomoutpost.comconspiracybias 
FreedomsPhoenix.combiasconspiracy 
freedomworks.orgunknown  
FreemansPerspective.comunknown  
freepatriot.orgsatire  
FreeStateProject.orgunknown  
freewoodpost.comsatire  
fridaymash.comsatire  
fromthetrenchesworldreport.comconspiracyjunkscibias
frontpagemag.combiashate 
FTMDaily.comunknown  
FullSpectrumDominance.comunknown  
fusion.netpolitical  
gaia.comconspiracyjunksci 
gainspainscapital.comunknown  
galacticconnection.comjunksci  
gangstergovernment.comconspiracybias 
GATA.orgunknown  
gatesofvienna.nethateconspiracy 
geoengineeringwatch.orgjunksciconspiracy 
geopolmonitor.compolitical  
GlobalEconomicAnalysis.comunknown  
globalresearch.caconspiracy  
GlobalWealthProtection.comunknown  
GloomBoomDoom.comunknown  
glossynews.comsatire  
godlikeproductions.comconspiracy  
GoldBroker.comunknown  
GoldCore.comunknown  
GoldMoney.comunknown  
GoldSeek.comunknown  
GoldSilver.comunknown  
GoldSilverBitcoin.comunknown  
GoldSilverWorlds.comunknown  
GoldSwitzerland.comunknown  
golemxiv.co.ukunknown  
gomerblog.comsatire  
goneleft.comfake  
GonzaloLira.Blogspot.comunknown  
gopthedailydose.comfakeconspiracybias
govtslaves.infoconspiracy  
greanvillepost.comconspiracy  
GreenMedInfo.comunknown  
guardianlv.compolitical  
guccifer2.wordpress.comunreliable  
gulagbound.combias  
hangthebankers.combiasconspiracy 
healthimpactnews.comjunkscibias 
healthnutnews.comjunksci  
healthy-holistic-living.comunknown  
heamericanconservative.comunknown  
heartland.orgunknown  
heatst.combias  
helastlineofdefense.orgunknown  
HendersonLeftHook.wordpress.comunknown  
henrymakow.comfakeconspiracy 
herebel.media.comunknown  
heresyblog.netbiasconspiracyrumor
heritage.orgunknown  
holyobserver.comsatire  
horowitzfreedomcenter.orgunknown  
HowToVanish.comunknown  
hudson.orgunknown  
humansarefree.comconspiracy  
humortimes.comsatire  
huzlers.comsatire  
ibankcoin.com/flyblog/unknown  
icr.orgunknown  
ifyouonlynews.comfakesatire 
ihavethetruth.combiasclickbaitfake
ijr.combiasunreliable 
illuminati-news.comunknown  
ilovemyfreedom.orgbiasclickbait 
in5d.comjunksci  
indiaarising.comclickbaitunreliable 
infiniteunknown.netunknown  
informationclearinghouse.infoconspiracyunreliable 
informetoday.combiasunreliable 
infostormer.comfakehateconspiracy
infowars.comconspiracy  
instaworldnews.combias  
intellihub.comconspiracyunreliable 
InternationalMan.comunknown  
intrendtoday.comfakeclickbait 
intrepidreport.combias  
investmentresearchdynamics.comconspiracy  
investmentwatchblog.combiasfake 
ironictimes.comsatire  
islamicanews.comsatire  
itaglive.comfake  
ITCCS.orgunknown  
ItMakesSenseBlog.comfake  
iwanttoexplore.comfake  
jackpineradicals.compolitical  
jacobinmag.compolitical  
jamesrgrangerjr.combias  
jessescrossroadscafe.blogspot.comunknown  
jesus-is-savior.comconspiracy  
jewsnews.co.ilunreliablebiasclickbait
jihadwatch.orgunknown  
JohnGaltfla.comunknown  
johngaltfla.com/wordpressunknown  
johnnyrobish.comsatire  
jonesreport.comconspiracy  
jookos.comunknown  
journal-neo.orgbias  
JSMineset.comunknown  
judicialwatch.orgunknown  
katehon.combias  
katehon.orgunknown  
Kauilapele,comunknown  
kereport.comunknown  
kingworldnews.comunknown  
knowledgeoftoday.orgunknown  
landoverbaptist.orgsatire  
LaRouchePac.comunknown  
leap2020.euunknown  
legorafi.frunknown  
lewrockwell.combiasunreliable 
LFB.orgunknown  
lfb.orgunknown  
liberalamerica.orgclickbaitbias 
liberalbias.comsatire  
liberaldarkness.comsatirefake 
libertyblitzkrieg.comfake  
libertyfederation.comhate  
libertymovementradio.comconspiracy  
libertynews.comunreliablebias 
libertytalk.fmconspiracy  
libertyunyielding.combias  
libertyvideos.orgconspiracy  
libertywritersnews.comclickbaitbiasunreliable
lifeandabout.combias  
lifenews.combiasclickbait 
lifeprevention.comjunksci  
lifesitenews.comclickbaitbias 
lifezette.comclickbait  
lightlybraisedturnip.comunknown  
liveactionnews.orgbias  
livefreelivenatural.commalware warning  
livevote.comclickbait  
lushforlife.comsatire  
Mad-Yet.blogspot.comunknown  
madpatriots.comunreliableclickbait 
madworldnews.comunreliableclickbait 
madworldnews.comunreliablehate 
magafeed.comrumorbias 
makeamericagreattoday.combiasfake 
MarketDailyNews.comunknown  
MarketOracle.co.ukunknown  
marshallreport.comunknown  
MaxKeiser.comunknown  
mediamass.netfake  
mediazone.newsrumorunreliable 
megafreshnews.comrumor  
megynkelly.usfake  
MemoryHoleBlog.comunknown  
MilesFranklin.comunknown  
militianews.comconspiracybiashate
MineWeb.comunknown  
mintpressnews.compolitical  
Mises.caunknown  
molonlabemedia.comunknown  
moonofalabama.orgbias  
morningledger.comunknown  
morningnewsusa.comunreliable  
mpidailymagazine.comfakebias 
mrc.orgunknown  
mrconservative.comfakesatire 
msnbc.websitefake  
MyBudget360.comunknown  
mydailyrelaxation.comunknown  
myfreshnews.comfakebias 
myzonetoday.comfakebias 
nahadaily.comsatire  
nakedcapitalism.compolitical  
NarcoNews.comunknown  
nasamoonhoax.comunknown  
NationaLlibertyAlliance.orgunknown  
nationalreport.netsatirefake 
nationalreview.comunknown  
NationalUFOCenter.comunknown  
nationindistress.weebly.comconspiracy  
nationonenews.comfakeconspiracy 
naturalblaze.comjunksciconspiracy 
naturalnews.comjunksciconspiracy 
nbc.com.cofake  
nbcpolitics.orgunknown  
nbcpoll.comunknown  
ncscooper.comsatire  
netdania.comunknown  
nevo.newsunreliablebias 
newcenturytimes.comunreliablebias 
newcoldwar.orgpolitical  
news4ktla.comfakesatire 
newsbbc.netfake  
newsbiscuit.comsatire  
newsbreakers.orgsatire  
NewsBuster.comunknown  
newsbuzzdaily.comfake  
newscenterusa.comunknown  
newscorpse.combias  
newsexaminer.netfakesatire 
newsfrompolitics.comfake  
newslo.comfake  
Newsmax.comunreliablebias 
newsmutiny.comsatirefake 
newsninja2012.combias  
newsopening.comunknown  
newstarget.comconspiracy  
newsthump.comsatire  
newstoad.netsatire  
newswatch28.comfake  
newswatch33.comfake  
newswire-24.comrumorunreliable 
newswithviews.comfakeconspiracy 
newyorker.com/humorsatire  
nodisinfo.comconspiracyunreliable 
NomadCapitalist.comunknown  
NomiPrins.comunknown  
NoMoreFakeNews.comconspiracy  
nonaiswa.org/wordpressunknown  
northcrane.comunreliable  
notallowedto.comclickbaitfake 
NoTime4Bull.comunknown  
now8news.comfake  
nowtheendbegins.comconspiracy  
npiamerica.orgunknown  
NutritionalAnarchy.comunknown  
nymeta.coclickbaitsatire 
nyuzer.comunknown  
oann.comunknown  
oathkeepers.orgunknown  
objectiveministries.orgsatire  
observatorial.comunknown  
observer.comunknown  
OCCUPY.comunknown  
occupydemocrats.comclickbaitbiasunreliable
occupyliberals.combiasclickbait 
odgossip.comunknown  
off-guardian.orgbiasconspiracy 
OffGridSurvival.comunknown  
OfTwoMinds.comunknown  
oftwominds.combiasconspiracy 
oilgeopolitics.netconspiracy  
onlineconservativepress.comfakeconspiracybias
opednews.comunknown  
openmindmagazine.combiasconspiracy 
orientalreview.orgbiasconspiracy 
other98.comclickbaitbiasunreliable
pakalertpress.comfake  
pamelageller.comconspiracyfakebias
PandaUnite.orgunknown  
patdollar.combiasclickbait 
patriotarchives.blogspot.comunknown  
patriotchronicle.combiasclickbait 
patriotnewsdaily.combias  
patriotnewsdaily.comsatire  
patriotpost.usunknown  
patriotrising.combiasconspiracy 
patriotupdate.combiasconspiracy 
paulcraigroberts.orgbiasconspiracy 
PeakProsperity.comunknown  
Perpetualassets.comunknown  
pjmedia.comunknown  
plata.com.mx/mplata/articulos/articles.aspunknown  
platosguns.combiasconspiracybias
policestateusa.comunknown  
policyreview.infounknown  
Politcalpiehole.comunknown  
politicalblindspot.comconspiracyjunkscience 
politicalcult.combiasclickbaitconspiracy
politicalears.comunreliableclickbait 
politicalo.comfake  
PoliticalPieHole.comunknown  
politicalsitenews.comfake  
politicaltimes.orgunknown  
PoliticalTracker.comunknown  
politicalupdator.comfakeclickbaitbias
politicops.comsatireunreliable 
politicsbreaking.comunknown  
politicsinformation.comunknown  
politicsinfotoday.comunknown  
politicsintheusa.comunreliablevias 
politicsinusa.comunknown  
politicususa.comclickbaitunreliable 
powerlineblog.comunknown  
powerpoliticians.comunreliable  
pravda.rubiasrumorconspiracy
pravdareport.combiasrumorconspiracy
prepperwebsite.comconspiracyfake 
presidentialvoting2016.compoliticalbiasunreliable
press24.usunknown  
presstv.combiasunreliable 
presstv.irbiasunreliable 
prisonplanet.comconspiracy  
prisonplanet.comconspiracy  
prisonplanet.tvconspiracy  
prntly.comfake  
proamericanews.comunknown  
progressivestoday.comunknown  
projectveritas.combiasunreliablepolitical
proudcons.comfakebias 
proudemocrat.compolitical  
PublicIntelligence.netunknown  
qpolitical.combiasclickbait 
Radio.GoldSeek.comunknown  
randpaulreview.comunknown  
rawforbeauty.comjunksci  
rawstory.compoliticalclickbait 
rawws.comunknown  
rbth.comunknown  
react365.comfake  
readconservatives.newsbiasfakeclickbait
readynutrition.comunknownconspiracy 
reagancoalition.combiasfakeclickbait
realfarmacy.comjunksciconspiracy 
realnewsrightnow.comfakesatire 
realplanetnews.comjunksci  
realprogress.onlineunknown  
realtimepolitics.combiasunreliable 
redflagnews.combiasconspiracyunreliable
RedIceCreations.comunknown  
redstate.compoliticalclickbait 
redstatewatcher.combiasclickbait 
reductress.comsatire  
regated.combais  
remedydaily.comclickbait  
rense.comconspiracyjunksci 
responsibletechnology.orgjunksci  
returnofkings.comhate  
revolutions2040.comjunksciclickbait 
rhotv.comfake  
RickAckerman.comunknown  
rickwells.usfakeconspiracy 
rightalert.combiasunreliable 
righton.comunknown  
RightSideNews.comunknown  
rightwingnews.combiasunreliable 
rilenews.comfakesatire 
rinf.compolitical  
rockcitytimes.comsatire  
ronpaulinstitute.orgpolitical  
rumormillnews.comconspiracyjunkscirumor
RunToGold.comunknown  
ruptly.tvpolitical  
russia-direct.orgunknownpolitical 
russia-insider.combiasclickbait 
satiratribune.comsatire  
satirewire.comsatire  
scrappleface.comsatire  
SeanKerrigan.comunknown  
secretsofthefed.comconspiracyjunksci 
sensationalisttimes.comsatire  
sentinelblog.comconspiracyjunksci 
sgtreport.comunknown  
shadowproof.comunknown  
ShadowStats.comunknown  
sheepkillers.comconspiracyjunksci 
shiftfrequency.comunknown  
shoebat.comconspiracybias 
shtfplan.comunknown  
silentmajoritypatriots.comunknown  
Silver-Coin-Investor. comconspiracybiasunreliable
SilverBearCafe.comconspiracy  
SilverDoctors.comconspiracybias 
SilverInvestingNews.comunknown  
SilverSeek.comunknown  
SilverStealers.netconspiracy  
SilverStrategies.comunknown  
SJLendman.Blogspot.combias  
skeptiko.comconspiracyjunksci 
smartknowledgeu.com/blogunknown  
solari.com/blogunknown  
sonsoflibertyradio.comconspiracybiasunreliable
sott.netunknown  
sourceplanet.netunknown  
southfront.orgunknown  
southweb.orgunknown  
SovereignMan.comunknown  
speciallifeentertainment.comunknown  
speld.nlunknown  
spinzon.comunknown  
sportspickle.comsatire  
sputniknews.combiasstate 
SRSroccoReport.comunknown  
statenation.counknown  
STAWealth.comunknown  
SteveQuayle.comunknown  
stneotscitizen.comsatire  
stormcloudsgathering.comfake  
strategic-culture.orgunknown  
stuppid.comsatire  
subjectpolitics.comfakebias 
suggesthealthytips.comunknown  
superstation95.comunknown  
supremepatriot.comfakebias 
surenews.comunknown  
surrealscoop.comsatire  
SurvivalBlog.comunknown  
SurvivalKnowHow.netunknown  
survivopedia.comunknown  
szandorblestman.com/index.phpunknown  
tap-news.comunknown  
tdnewswire.comunknown  
teapartyeconomist.comunknown  
teapartytribune.comunknown  
tellmenow.comunknown  
TenthAmendmentCenter.comunknown  
the-newspapers.comunknown  
theamericancause.orgunknown  
theamericanindependent.wordpress.comfakebias 
theamericanmirror.comunknown  
theantimedia.orgunknown  
TheAuReport.comunknown  
theautogear.comunknown  
thebeaverton.comsatire  
theblaze.compoliticalclickbait 
thebostontribune.comfake  
TheBRICSPost.comunknown  
TheBrowser.comunknown  
TheBurningPlatform.comunknown  
thecarsmagazine.comunknown  
thecivilian.co.nzunknown  
thecommonsenseshow.comfakeconspiracy 
theconservativetreehouse.comunknown  
thecontroversialfiles.netfakeclickbait 
TheCroweHouse.comunknown  
thedailybeast.compolitical  
thedailybell.comunknown  
TheDailyCoin.orgunknown  
TheDailyCrux.comunknown  
thedailymash.co.uksatire  
thedailysheeple.comconspiracybias 
thedailywtf.comsatire  
thedemocratic.siteunknown  
theduran.comunreliable  
theearthchild.co.zaunknown  
theeconomiccollapseblog.comconspiracybias 
theeventchronicle.comconspiracyjunksciclickbait
TheExtinctionProtocol.comconspiracy  
thefederalistpapers.orgbiasconspiracy 
theforbiddenknowledge.comconspiracyjunksci 
thefreepatriot.orgfakebiasclickbait
thefreethoughtproject.comunreliableconspiracyclickbait
thegatewaypundit.combiasconspiracyunreliable
thegoldandoilguy.com/articlesunreliable  
thegoldwater.comunknown  
thehardtimes.netsatire  
theineptowl.comsatire  
theinformedamerican.netunreliable  
theintercept.comunknown  
TheInternationalForecaster.comunknown  
TheJanssenReport.netunknown  
thelastgreatstand.comfakeconspiracybias
thelastlineofdefense.orgunknown  
thelibertybeacon.comconspiracyjunkscibias
thelibertymill.comunreliablebiasconspiracy
themadisonmisnomer.comsatire  
themideastbeast.comunknown  
themindunleashed.comconspiracyjunksciclickbait
themindunleashed.orgconspiracyjunksciclickbait
TheMogamboGuru.comunknown  
themuslimissue.wordpress.comhateconspiracy 
themznews.infounknown  
thenewamerican.comunknown  
thenewinquiry.comunknown  
thenewsdoctors.comunknown  
TheNewsFile.comunknown  
thenewsnerd.comsatire  
theonion.comsatire  
theopenscroll.blogspot.comunknown  
theorganicprepper.caunknown  
TheOutsiderClub.comunknown  
theoxymoron.co.ukunknown  
thepeoplescube.comunknown  
ThePeoplesVoice.netunknown  
thephaser.comconspiracy  
thepoke.co.uksatire  
thepoliticalinsider.comconspiracybiasunreliable
thepostemail.comunknown  
thepredicted.com (see above on pro-Bernie Russian Trolls same owner as Bients.com)unreliable  
theracketreport.comfakesatire 
therealstrategy.combiasconspiracyhate
therebel.mediaunknown  
thereporterz.comfake  
therightists.comfakebias 
therightplanet.comunknown  
therightstuff.bizhate  
therundownlive.comunknown  
therussophile.orgunknown  
thesaker.isunknown  
theshovel.com.ausatire  
theskunk.orgsatire  
thesleuthjournal.comunknown  
thespoof.comsatire  
thestatelyharold.comsatire  
thetimesoftheworld.comsatire  
thetruthaboutcancer.comunknown  
thetruthdivision.comfakebias 
thetruthseeker.co.ukfakeconspiracyjunksci
TheTruthWins.comunknown  
theunrealtimes.comsatire  
theuspatriot.comsatirefake 
thevalleyreport.comsatire  
TheVictoryReport.orgunknown  
thewatchtowers.combiasconspiracyclickbait
TheWealthWatchman.comunknown  
theworldstyle.comunknown  
thirdworldtraveler.comunknown  
thisismynewworld.comunknown  
threepercenternation.comfakeconspiracybias
thrivemovement.comunknown  
TomWoods.comunknown  
topekasnews.comsatire  
topinfopost.comclickbaitunreliableconspiracy
topnewspolitics.comunknown  
topratedviral.comunknown  
toprightnews.comunknown  
totalworldnews.comunknown  
traderdan.comunknown  
tradewithdave.comunknown  
TragedyandHope.comunknown  
trendingnewsguide.comunknown  
trendingnewstoday.netunknown  
tribuneherald.netunknown  
tribunist.comunknown  
TrueActivist.comclickbaitunreliable 
trueeconomics.blogspot.comunknown  
truepundit.combiasclickbait 
trumpvision365.comfake  
trunews.comunknown  
truthandaction.orgbiasconspiracyclickbait
truthbroadcastnetwork.comconspiracyclickbait 
truthfeed.comhatebiasconspiracy
truthfrequencyradio.comconspiracy  
truthingold.comunknown  
TruthInMedia.comunknown  
truthkings.combiasconspiracyjunksci
truthnetwork.comunknown  
truthrevolt.orgbiashate 
TruthStreamMedia.comunknown  
ttmygh.com/blogunknown  
tunerspeed.comunknown  
turnerradionetwork.comunknown  
twitchy.comclickbaitrumor 
tyronetribulations.comunknown  
ufoholic.comconspiracy  
unclesamsmisguidedchildren.combias  
unconfirmedsources.comsatire  
undergroundhealth.comunknown  
undergroundworldnews.comfakeconspiracybias
unionleader.comunknown  
unitedmediapublishing.comfake  
universepolitics.comunknown  
unz.comunknown  
us.blastingnews.comsatireunreliable 
usa2016elections.comunknown  
usacoinbook.comunknown  
usadailypolitics.comfake  
usadailytime.comunknown  
usahitman.comfakeconspiracy 
usainfobox.comunknown  
usajournalist.comunknown  
usalinepolitics.comunknown  
usalinepoliticsnow.comunknown  
usamagazinestudio.comunknown  
usanews24hrs.comunknown  
usanewsflash.comunknown  
usanewsflash.comfakebiasclickbait
usanewshome.comunknown  
usanewsinsider.comfakebiasclickbait
usanewspolitics.comunknown  
usanewsstudio.comunknown  
usaonlinepolitics.comunknown  
usaonlinetoday.comunknown  
usaphase.comunknown  
usapoliticsdaily.comunknown  
usapoliticsnow.comunknown  
usapoliticstoday.combiasunreliable 
usapoliticus.comunknown  
usapowernews.comunknown  
usascan.comunknown  
usasupreme.comfake  
usatwentyfour.comunknown  
USAWatchdog.comunknown  
uschronicle.combiasconspiracyhate
usconservativetoday.comfake  
usdcrisis.comunknown  
usdefensewatch.comunreliable  
usfanzone.comunknown  
ushealthyadvisor.comfakeconspiracyjunksci
usherald.combiasconspiracyunreliable
uslifetoday.comunknown  
usmediacenter.comunknown  
uspolitics24.comunknown  
uspoliticslive.comfakebiasconspiracy
usslibertyveterans.orgunknown  
UsualSuspect.netunknown  
usuncut.comclickbaitbiasunreliable
usviewer.comunknown  
utopiathecollapse.comunknown  
vdare.comunknown  
veteransnewsnow.comunknown  
veteranstoday.combiasunreliable 
vigilantcitizen.comfakeconspiracy 
viralliberty.comfakebiasclickbait
viraltube.nlunknown  
voltairenet.orgunknown  
vonpress.comunknown  
votocrat.comunknown  
wakeupthesheep.comunknown  
wakingtimes.comunknown  
wakingupwisconsin.comconspiracy  
wallstreetexaminer.comunknown  
WallStreetOnParade.comunknown  
washingtonexaminer.comunreliablebiasconspiracy
washingtonsblog.combiasconspiracysatire
waterfordwhispersnews.comsatire  
wb7.hkunknown  
wealthcycles.comunknown  
wealthwire.comunknown  
wearechange.orgbiasconspiracy 
weaselzippers.usunknown  
webdaily.comfakeconspiracybias
weeklystandard.comunknown  
weeklyworldnews.comfakerumorclickbait
weshapelife.orgunknown  
westernjournalism.combiasclickbait 
whatdoesitmean.comconspiracy  
whatreallyhappened.comconspiracyrumor 
whitepower.comhateconspiracybias
whowhatwhy.comunreliable  
whowhatwhy.org   
whydontyoutrythis.comjunkscirumor 
WideAwakeNews.comunknown  
wikileaks.comrumors  
wikileaks.orgrumors  
wikispooks.comunknown  
WilliamBanzai7.blogspot.comunknown  
Willyloman.wordpress.comconspiracy  
winkprogress.comsatire  
winningdemocrats.combiasunreliable 
witscience.orgsatire  
wnd.combiasclickbaitunreliable
WolfStreet.comunknown  
wonkie.comsatire  
world24monitor.comunknown  
worldcallyoutoday.comunknown  
worlddaily.infounknown  
worldnewsdailyreport.comsatire  
worldnewspolitics.combias  
worldpoliticsus.comfake  
worldrumor.comfake  
worldstoriestoday.comfake  
worldtruth.tvconspiracyjunksci 
worldwidehealthy.comjunksciclickbait 
wundergroundmusic.comsatire  
www.rt.com (Russian controlled television network)state  
X22Report.comunknown  
yellowhammernews.compolitical  
yesimright.comfakebias 
Youngcons.combiasunreliable 
yourfunpage.comfake  
yournationnews.comunknown  
YourNewsline.wordpress.comunknown  
yournewswire.comclickbaitjunksci 
zaytung.comunknown  
Zengardner.comunknown  
zerohedge.comconspiracy  
zootfeed.comconspiracy  






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